Validity of the 12item general health questionnaire ghq. Ghq 12 is a shorter form of general health questionnaire 12 ghq 12 means general health questionnaire 12 ghq 12 is an abbreviation for general health questionnaire 12. A comparison of the validity of ghq12 and chq12 in chinese primary care patients in manchester volume 20 issue 4 peychyou pan, david p. Phq9 questionnaire for depression scoring and interpretation guide for physician use only scoring. Am going to analyze population based mental health study that has used ghq 12 likert scoring 0 12 3. The psychometric properties and the score distributions of 12 selected items from the japanese version general liealth. Results from the roc curve indicated that the ghq12 yielded greater accuracy when identifying mood and anxiety disorders than when identifying all mental disorders as a whole. Results gender and the quality of support received were found to be strongly associated with culture shock. An alternative scoring method offered by goldberg and williams is the ghq scoring method, which transforms the scale into a yesno scale by recoding 0 and 1 as 0, and 2 and 3 as 1. Based on the ghq scores of the respondents, the cutoff point 5 was used to.
The 12item general health questionnaire ghq12 psicothema. Will you wait for the virus to kill you, or commit suicide first. The objective of this study was to translate and to test the reliability and validity of the 12item general health questionnaire ghq12 in iran. Arnong the five versions of the ghq, the 12item version gh912 is the. The twelveitem general health questionnaire ghq12 was developed to. Can anyone help me with ghq 12 with ranking and coding. Factor structure of the general health questionnaire ghq. We measured psychological distress and depressive symptoms or the lack of them using three difference scales. Am going to analyze population based mental health study that has used ghq 12 likert scoring 0123. The general health questionnaire ghq is a screening device for identifying minor psychiatric disorders in the general population and within community or nonpsychiatric clinical settings such as primary care or general medical outpatients. Our aim was to test the hypothesis that the ghq12 assesses.
The validity of the 12item general health questionnaire. What cutoff do we use to categorize ghq 12 0123 into. Shortform 12 health survey sf 12 the sf 12 ware et al. Pdf using the 12item general health questionnaire ghq. Many factoranalytic studies have reported that the ghq12 has two or three dimensions, threatening its validity. Suitable for all ages from adolescent upwards but not children, it assesses the respondents current state and asks if that differs from his or her. Furthermore, culture shock was significantly positively related to the level of current dysphoria and diminished with time. However, there is limited knowledge regarding the factors that influence enablement, particularly the effect of socioeconomic deprivation. The 12item general health questionnaire as an effective.
Designed for use by doctors, psychiatrists and researchers, the ghq is ideal for use in community and nonpsychiatric settings. Want to categorize ghq 12 into three categories for. Mental health at individual and organizational level 12 1gabriele giorgi, jose maria leon perez, andrea castiello dantonio, 1francisco javier fiz perez, giulio arcangeli, vincenzo cupelli and nicola mucci3 3,4 1department of psychology, european university of rome. Another frequently used scale is the mental health inventory mhi5 which is included in the short form 36 sf36. Results ard discussior 1 psychometric properties ofthe jcopa7iese z,ersion gh212 corrected itemwhole correlations of the ghq12 are presented by sex in table 1. The ghq12 and the inventory of situations and responses of anxietyisra. Journal of reproductive and infant psychology, 21, 267278. Cghqscoring is a relatively specialised method and is useful only when it is important not to miss cases with longstanding disorders.
The ghq28 is a scaled version, yielding four subscores, each based on seven items and a total score. University of groningen selfrated health and quality of. Multiply that number by the value indicated below, then add the subtotal to produce a total score. It is possible that these dimensions are the result of the wording of the ghq12, namely its division into positively phrased pp and negatively phrased. For the total sample, a threshold score of 910 on the ghq12 yielded a sensitivity of 79. Pdf the purpose of the study was to determine such cutoff points in the scores of general health questionnaires ghq12 and ghq28 that allow for. Factor structures of general health questionnaire 12.
It is scored based on the four possible answers for each item. Download the 12item general health questionnaire ghq12. The internal consistency of the ghq 12 was good cronbachs. Pdf the structure of the general health questionnaire ghq12. Using a standard forwardbackward translation procedure, the english language version of the questionnaire was translated into persian iranian language. For me, i plan to kill myself instead of wait to become infected. It has been widely used and, as a result, translated into many languages and extensively validated in general and clinical populations worldwide. Using the 12item general health questionnaire ghq12 to. Scaled general health questionnaire28 ghq28 spinal. Psychological health of australian veterans of the 1991. The different versions enable researchers and clinicians to select the version most appropriate to their individual requirements.
The twelveitem version of the general health questionnaire ghq 12 is used as a screening instrument for psychological distress in the general population 1, 2. Using the 12 item general health questionnaire ghq 12 to assess the psychological health of malaysian college students. Worlds best powerpoint templates crystalgraphics offers more powerpoint templates than anyone else in the world, with over 4 million to choose from. Data were obtained from the 2009 ruraltourban migrants survey rumic. Pdf the validity of general health questionnaires, ghq12 and. The ghq 12item questionnaire is a quick, reliable and sensitive short form ideal for research studies. The ghq is available in several versions to suit different applications.
The 12item general health questionnaire ghq12 has been widely used in many settings and languages, and includes positively and negatively worded items. Winner of the standing ovation award for best powerpoint templates from presentations magazine. The factor structure of the twelve item general health. Correlation of the ghq28 is high with the clinical interview scale r0. To investigate the specificity and sensitivity of three different scoring methods of the 12item general health questionnaire ghq12 and hence to determine the best ghq12 threshold score for the detection of mental illness in community settings in australia. Further uncert ainty arises because of the multiplicity of scoring methods of the ghq12. Main version of the ghq, used to identify cases for more intensive examination. Goldberg skip to main content accessibility help we use cookies to distinguish you from other users and to. The common mental disorders of anxiety and depression cmd are leading causes of morbidity and disability and constitute a major public health burden. This study examines the likertstyle successive integer scoring of goldbergs 1972, 1978 general health questionnaire ghq with a psychometric model in which the thresholds between successive categories within each item can be estimated. The 12item general health questionnaire ghq12 is widely used as a unidimensional instrument, but factor analyses tended to suggest that it contains two or three factors. No values have been reported for the reliability of the ghq28 for the sci population.
The 12item general health questionnaire ghq12 is a selfreport measure of psychological morbidity, in tended to detect psychiatric disorders in community set tings and nonpsychiatric settings 1. The general health questionnaire ghq12 is a wellknown and efficient tool for measuring the mental health status of the respondent subjects. The ghq focuses on the clients ability to carry out normal functions and the appearance of any new disturbing phenomena. The aim of this study was to examine how number of kins associated with the factor structures of the chq 12 among the rural residents in china. The internal consistency of the ghq12 was good cronbachs. The study findings showed that the iranian version of the ghq12 has a good. It is widely used in clinical practice, epidemiological research and for research in psychology 24. Ghq12 has been widely used as a unitary measure 3, 4, but two or more underlying factors have been identified in previous studies based on factor analyses 57. Pdf the general health questionnaire ghq12 is a popular measure of psychological distress. Results from the roc curve indicated that the ghq 12 yielded greater accuracy when identifying mood and anxiety disorders than when identifying all mental disorders as a whole. The general health questionaire ghq12 in a sample of italian workers. Improving the life outcomes for those people with mental health problems continues to be a priority for the government. The validity of the ghq 12 was compared with the ghq 28 in a world health organization study of psychological disorders in general health care. Read online the 12item general health questionnaire ghq12.
Not at all and same as usual responses were scored 0, and rather more than usual and much more than usual responses were scored 1. Ubom4, a new scale for psychic function and energy. Does the 12item general health questionnaire contain. The cmds are most commonly measured in population studies using the general health questionnaire ghq12. The trade off between sensitivity and specificity using different ghq12 threshold values in identifying depressive or anxiety disorders is indicated in table 2. Factor structure and internal consistency of the 12item general health questionnaire ghq12 and the subjective vitality scale vs, and the relationship between them. Validation of the general health questionnaire ghq12. The objective of this study was to translate and to test the reliability and validity of the 12item general health questionnaire ghq 12 in iran. The 12item general health questionnaire ghq12 is used routinely as a unidimensional measure of psychological morbidity. A rasch and confirmatory factor analysis of the general. Then a sample of young people aged 18 to 25 years old completed the questionnaire.
Secondary data analysis of the 1997 australian national survey of health and wellbeing n 10 641, using the. The validation process has been principally psychometric in nature, focusing on the reliability and. It is recommended that the mean ghq score for the whole population of respondents provides a rough guide to the best cutoff threshold 20. Want to categorize ghq 12 into three categories for ordinal logistic regression. Reliability and validity of general health questionnaire.
Despite the fact that studies have suggested a number of competing multidimensional factor structures, it continues to be largely used as. Theyll give your presentations a professional, memorable appearance the kind of sophisticated look that todays audiences expect. Evidence suggests that there is no tendency for the ghq to work less efficiently in developing countries 19. The score was used to generate a total score ranging from 0 to 36. In this study, we used the ghq method which produces o a dich tomous score of 0 or 1. Evaluating cutpoints for the mhi5 and mcs using the ghq. The general health questionnaire ghq 12 was designed as a short questionnaire to assess psychiatric morbidity. The general health questionaire ghq12 in a sample of. Predicting postnatal psychological distress in a zambian.
The proportion of adults with a general health questionnaire ghq12 score of 4 and over. The 12 item general health questionnaire ghq 12 has been extensively used with chinese population. In addition, only one of the abovementioned cee publications deals with the 28item version of the ghq sprusinska 1994. In recent years the 12 item general health questionnaire ghq 12 has been extensively used as a short screening instrument, producing results that are comparable to longer versions of the ghq. The validation process has been principally psychometric in nature, focusing on the reliability and validity of the. Patient enablement is a term closely aligned with empowerment and its measurement in a general practice consultation has been operationalised in the widely used patient enablement instrument pei, a patientrated measure of consultation outcome. This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title ghq.
Supreme commander for the allied powers, in occupied japan. The factor structure of the 12item general health questionnaire ncbi. The ghq12 scale is used worldwide in different segments of practice and research clinical, epidemiological and psychological 1, 2. On the other hand, as was stated earlier, the ghq28 is a frequently used. Not much is known about the usefulness of the ghq12 factors, if they exist, in revealing betweenpatient differences in clinical states and healthrelated quality of life. The twelveitem general health questionnaire ghq 12 is intended to screen for general nonpsychotic psychiatric morbidity. With the 0011 scoring scheme, optimum discrimination occurred near ghq 34, giving a specificity of 0. In scoring the ghq, the four columns ranging from not at all to much more than usual are coded 0, 1, 2 or 3.
If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to. How do i score the general health questionnaire 12 item. This study set out to es tablish the best fitting model for the ghq12 for three scoring methods likert, ghq and cghq and to calculate the degree of measurement. Yet, it has not been used from a national representative survey in rural china. Scoring methods, clinical groups, different cultures and. Subjects completed the sf 12, ghq 12, pcls and mse as part of a comprehensive postal questionnaire. General health questionnaire ghq12, beck depression. There are two methods of ghq12 scoring, the likert method and the ghq method 12. Suitable for all ages from adolescent upwards not children, it assesses the respondents current state and asks if that differs from his or her. The validity of two versions of the ghq in the who study. The 12item version of the general health questionnaire ghq12 has become a popular screening instrument with which to measure general psychological.
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